", "Vitamin D intake: a global perspective of current status", "Efficacy of fish intake on vitamin D status: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials", "Identification of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, a form of vitamin D3 metabolically active in the intestine", "The discovery of vitamin D: the contribution of Adolf Windaus", "IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN): Nomenclature of vitamin D. Recommendations 1981", "Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease", "The biology and pathology of vitamin D control in bone", "Vitamin D deficiency in Europe: pandemic? Vitamin D is a fat-soluble nutrient. Media in category "Vitamin D3" The following 23 files are in this category, out of 23 total. [157] After being commissioned by the Canadian and American governments, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) as of 30 November 2010[update], has increased the tolerable upper limit (UL) to 2,500 IU per day for ages 1–3 years, 3,000 IU per day for ages 4–8 years and 4,000 IU per day for ages 9–71+ years (including pregnant or lactating women). In sunny countries such as Nigeria, South Africa, and Bangladesh, where rickets occurs among older toddlers and children, it has been attributed to low dietary calcium intakes, which are characteristic of cereal-based diets with limited access to dairy products. Vitamin K 2 or menaquinone (/ ˌ m ɛ n ə ˈ k w ɪ n oʊ n /) is one of three types of vitamin K, the other two being vitamin K 1 (phylloquinone) and K 3 . Vitamin D deficiency is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. [1][2] In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D3 (also known as cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). Calcifediol, also known as calcidiol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (abbreviated 25(OH)D 3), is a prehormone that is produced in the liver by hydroxylation of vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) by the enzyme cholecalciferol 25-hydroxylase. [75], Because it found mounting evidence for a benefit to bone health, though it had not found good evidence of other benefits, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required manufacturers to declare the amount of vitamin D on nutrition facts labels, as "nutrients of public health significance", since May 2016. Das Vitamin D3 ist auch aus deutscher Herstellung und laborgeprüft. Vitamin D3 In Immunity: Recent studies suggest the importance of Vitamin D3 (Vit D3) in immunity. Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. 3), Vitamin D3 is produced photochemically from 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin of most vertebrate animals, including humans. [81], Taking vitamin D supplements does not meaningfully reduce the risk of stroke, cerebrovascular disease, cardial infarction, or ischemic heart disease. Am. It is also found naturally in marine oils and in lanolin (oil from sheep's wool), the most common source for supplements. Vitamin D eksisterer i flere forskjellige typer, men de to mest kjente er ergokalsiferol (vitamin D2) og kolekalsiferol (vitamin D3). Second, previtamin D3 spontaneously isomerizes to vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) in an antarafacial sigmatropic [1,7] hydride shift. D3: The Mighty Ducks, the third film in The Mighty Ducks trilogy; Dedication 3, a Lil' Wayne and Young Money mixtape; Dhoom 3, a 2013 Bollywood action movie; Video games. [99], Depression – Clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation for depressive symptoms have generally been of low quality and show no overall effect, although subgroup analysis showed supplementation for participants with clinically significant depressive symptoms or depressive disorder had a moderate effect. Iz povijesnih se razloga svrstava među vitamine iako se po većini obilježja radi o hormonu (steroidna struktura). [3], Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) share a similar mechanism of action as outlined above. Multor alimente li se adaugă vitamine în plus față de ce conțin inițial în timpul procesului de fabricație. [157] Other symptoms of vitamin D toxicity include mental retardation in young children, abnormal bone growth and formation, diarrhea, irritability, weight loss, and severe depression. [175], In birds and fur-bearing mammals, fur or feathers block UV rays from reaching the skin. A systematic review and meta-analysis", "Special considerations for vitamin D in the south Asian population in the UK", "The uncertain significance of low vitamin D levels in African descent populations: a review of the bone and cardiometabolic literature", "Utility of sun-reactive skin typing and melanin index for discerning vitamin D deficiency", "Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline", "Vitamin D and calcium: a systematic review of health outcomes", "Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials", "Vitamin D and mortality: meta-analysis of individual participant data from a large consortium of cohort studies from Europe and the United States", "Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men", "A pooled analysis of vitamin D dose requirements for fracture prevention", "Vitamin D with or without calcium supplementation for prevention of cancer and fractures: an updated meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force", "Association Between Calcium or Vitamin D Supplementation and Fracture Incidence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health", "Anticancer vitamins du Jour--The ABCED's so far", "Prognostic role of vitamin d status and efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in cancer patients: a systematic review", "Review: the impacts of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on cancer patient outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "The effect of vitamin D supplementation on survival in patients with colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials", "Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risks in More Than 83 000 Individuals in 21 Randomized Clinical Trials: A Meta-analysis", "Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Incorporating Individual Patient Data", "Vitamin D and immune regulation: antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory", "Vitamin D and HIV: letting the sun shine in", "MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Vitamin D and COVID-19", "SACN rapid review: Vitamin D and acute respiratory tract infections", "Vitamin D to prevent exacerbations of COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials", "Vitamin D supplementation, moderate sun exposure, and control of immune diseases", "Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Vitamin D Deficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "Clinical review: Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on improving glucose homeostasis and preventing diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "Role of vitamin D in diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease", "Vitamin D supplementation for depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials", "Vitamin D, cognition, and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "Association between maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies", "Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: Updated meta-analysis on maternal outcomes", "Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: state of the evidence from a systematic review of randomised trials", "Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy", "Vitamin D and its role during pregnancy in attaining optimal health of mother and fetus", "Association Between Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy and Offspring Growth, Morbidity, and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "Vitamin D status and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized controlled weight-loss trials", "Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin D and normal function of the immune system and inflammatory response (ID 154, 159), maintenance of normal muscle function (ID 155) and maintenance of normal cardiovascular function (ID 159) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006", "Scientific opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to vitamin D and risk of falling pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006", "Guidance for Industry: Food Labeling Guide", "Health Canada Scientific Summary on the U. S. Health Claim Regarding Calcium and Osteoporosis", "Regulatory Systems of Health Claims in Japan", "Vitamin D and Calcium: Updated Dietary Reference Intakes", "Nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand", "Scientific Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of vitamin D", "Federal Register May 27, 2016 Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. “Efficacy and safety of vitamin D3 intake exceeding the lowest observed aderse effect level”. It helps bones grow and form. Using US$300 of his own money, Steenbock patented his invention. In the 1930s, Windaus clarified further the chemical structure of vitamin D.[192], In 1923, American biochemist Harry Steenbock at the University of Wisconsin demonstrated that irradiation by ultraviolet light increased the vitamin D content of foods and other organic materials. [135][136], In 2016 in the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) amended food additive regulations for milk fortification,[137] stating that vitamin D3 levels not exceed 42 IU vitamin D per 100 g (400 IU per US quart) of dairy milk, 84 IU of vitamin D2 per 100 g (800 IU per quart) of plant milks, and 89 IU per 100 g (800 IU per quart) in plant-based yogurts or in soy beverage products. [§ 1], The transformation that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D3 occurs in two steps. 300 g Lachs essen oder 1000 g Tunfisch. Mushrooms grown in full sunlight tend to have more. [90], Vitamin D supplementation in low-doses (400 to 1000 IU/day) may slightly decrease the overall risk of acute respiratory tract infections. In 1922, Elmer McCollum tested modified cod liver oil in which the vitamin A had been destroyed. [70] The effect is small or none for people living independently. No contributions to serum 25(OH)D level are assumed from sun exposure and the recommendations are fully applicable to people with dark skin or negligible exposure to sunlight. Many kinds of edible mushrooms contain some D2, like shiitake. [158], Synthesis of vitamin D in nature is dependent on the presence of UV radiation and subsequent activation in the liver and in the kidneys. These two vitamin D metabolites (called 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25(OH)D) are measured in serum to determine a person's vitamin D status. [150] Other countries often use nmol/L. Subcategories. Vitamin-D overdose is impossible from UV exposure: the skin reaches an equilibrium where the vitamin degrades as fast as it is created. A meeting took place with J.B.S. [21], The VDR regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. Vitamin D ili kalciferol je antirahitični vitamin, a često ga nazivaju i vitaminom sunca. Low blood calcifediol (25-hydroxy-vitamin D) can result from avoiding the sun. A kolekalciferol (INN: cholecalciferol) a D-vitamin egy formája, D 3-vitaminnak is nevezik. Vitamin D is produced in the keratinocytes of two innermost strata of the epidermis, the stratum basale and stratum spinosum, which also are able to produce calcitriol and express the VDR.[174]. [49] Osteomalacia reduces calcium absorption and increases calcium loss from bone, which increases the risk for bone fractures. [176] However, some animals, such as the naked mole-rat, are naturally cholecalciferol-deficient, as serum 25-OH vitamin D levels are undetectable. [29] It is caused by supplementing with high doses of vitamin D rather than sunlight. Er empfiehlt 10 Tage lang je 40'000 Einheiten (iU) pro Tag, dann 10'000 pro Tag. Bernal, and Dorothy Crowfoot to discuss possible structures, which contributed to bringing a team together. The evidence for other health effects of vitamin D supplementation in the general population is inconsistent. He called it vitamin D because it was the fourth vitamin to be named. [19] The vitamin D receptor belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily of steroid/thyroid hormone receptors, and VDRs are expressed by cells in most organs, including the brain, heart, skin, gonads, prostate, and breast. [10][11][196], There is conflicting evidence about the benefits of interventions with vitamin D,[197] one view purporting an intake of 4,000–12,000 IU/day from sun exposure with concomitant serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of 40 to 80 ng/mL,[198] while another view is that serum concentrations above 50 ng/mL are not plausible. [186][187] It was not initially realized that, unlike other vitamins, vitamin D can be synthesised by humans through exposure to UV light. [62]:435, In general, no good evidence supports the commonly held belief that vitamin D supplements can help prevent osteoporosis. The dietary reference intakes for vitamin D are chosen with a margin of safety and 'overshoot' the targeted serum value to ensure the specified levels of intake achieve the desired serum 25(OH)D levels in almost all persons. The major circulating metabolite of VITAMIN D3. [74], Athletes who are vitamin D deficient are at an increased risk of stress fractures and/or major breaks, particularly those engaging in contact sports. Golongan vitamin inilah yang paling banyak ditemukan pada kulit manusia. Pada ginjal, vitamin D dikonversi menjadi bentuk aktif yang disebut 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. [68] For older people with osteoporosis, taking vitamin D with calcium may help prevent hip fractures, but it also slightly increases the risk of stomach and kidney problems. [26], Vitamin D deficiency is found worldwide in the elderly and remains common in children and adults. [205][206], In July 2020, the US National Institutes of Health found insufficient evidence to recommend for or against using vitamin D supplementation to prevent or treat COVID-19. However, if the body does not make enough, it can also be obtained from food sources. Therefore, alternative explanations for the increase in cognitive impairment exist and hence a direct causal relationship between vitamin D levels and cognition could not be established. Vitamin D is not a vitamin. They are still typically less than 25 micrograms (1000 IU) per day, but up to 100 mcg (4000 IU) per day is considered safe. [133] The vitamin D2 content in mushrooms and Cladina arbuscula, a lichen, increase with exposure to ultraviolet light,[131][134] and is emulated by industrial ultraviolet lamps for fortification. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses of multiple studies have described the associations of vitamin D deficiency with adverse outcomes in COVID-19. [65][66][67] The relationship between serum calcifediol concentrations and all-cause mortality is "U-shaped": mortality is elevated at high and low calcifediol levels, relative to moderate levels. By binding to vitamin D-binding protein, calcitriol is transported throughout the body, including to the classical target organs of intestine, kidney and bone. De twee belangrijkste vormen zijn vitamine D3 (de dierlijke vorm) en vitamine D2.De term vitamine D verwijst ook naar metabolieten en andere analoga van deze substanties. D 2 (also called ergocalciferol) is produced by fungi. U lidí jsou nejdůležitějšími sloučeninami v této skupině vitamín D3 a vitamín D2. Souhrnně se také označují též jako kalciferoly. [172], Adequate amounts of vitamin D can be produced with moderate sun exposure to the face, arms and legs (for those with the least melanin), averaging 5–30 minutes twice per week, or approximately 25% of the time for minimal sunburn. [1], Some preliminary studies link low vitamin D levels with disease later in life. [132] This then undergoes spontaneous isomerization into cholecalciferol, the prohormone of the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol. Ryo-Ohki), a character in the anime Tenchi Muyo! Severe vitamin D deficiency in children causes rickets, a softening and weakening of bones, which is a rare disease in the developed world. [73] Taking extra vitamin D, however, does not appear to change the risk. However, some people with serum 25(OH)D between 30 and 50 ng/mL (75 nmol/L-125 nmol/L) will also have inadequate vitamin D.[62], Vitamin D toxicity is rare. D 3 supplements can be easily found for sale in most developed countries. [80] A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis in people with colorectal cancer found evidence of a clinically meaningful benefit from vitamin D supplementation on outcomes, including survival, although the analysis had limitations. Dazu ist jedoch ein disziplinierter Aufenthalt in der Sonne erforderlich. [170] The precursor of vitamin D3, 7-dehydrocholesterol is produced in relatively large quantities. In 1935, the chemical structure of vitamin D3 was defined and shown to result from the ultraviolet irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol. Calcifediol also has mineralizing properties. Vitamin D3 ist das Vitamin, welches vom Körper selbst hergestellt werden kann. Rickets typically appears between 3 and 18 months of age. Merzon E, Tworowski D, Gomany rohovski A, et al. [42], Rickets was formerly a major public health problem among the US population; in Denver, where ultraviolet rays are about 20% stronger than at sea level on the same latitude,[44] almost two-thirds of 500 children had mild rickets in the late 1920s. Exposure to sunlight for extended periods of time does not normally cause vitamin D toxicity. Osteomalacia is usually present when 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are less than about 10 ng/mL. [1] US labs generally report 25(OH)D levels in ng/mL. [122][123] Compliance with the updated labeling regulations was required by 1 January 2020 for manufacturers with US$10 million or more in annual food sales, and by 1 January 2021 for manufacturers with lower volume food sales. Das bedeutet, egal wie viel Vitamin D3 Sie einnehmen - die optimale Dosis, um von der vollen Wirkung von Vitamin K2 zu profitieren, bleibt immer gleich und liegt zwischen 100 bis 200 mcg pro Tag (siehe Angaben oben). In der Nahrung kommt es vor allem in Fettfischen vor oder wird den Lebensmitteln als Nahrungsergänzungsmittel zugefügt. [150] One ng/mL is approximately equal to 2.5 nmol/L. The darker the skin, and the weaker the sunlight, the more minutes of exposure are needed. [13] Insufficient evidence existed to recommend vitamin D supplements for all people with cancer, although some evidence suggested that low vitamin D may be associated with a worse outcome for some cancers,[79] and that higher 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels at the time of diagnosis were associated with better outcomes. symbols: VD3 hydroxylase, Cytochrome P450-SU1: UniProt: P18326: Other data; EC number: 1.14.15.22 VDR activation in the intestine, bone, kidney, and parathyroid gland cells leads to the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood (with the assistance of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin) and to the maintenance of bone content. Exposure to light through windows is insufficient because glass almost completely blocks UVB light. [40][41][42] The dietary risk factors for rickets include abstaining from animal foods. [118] About a third of Australians have vitamin D deficiency. American researchers Elmer McCollum and Marguerite Davis in 1914[12] discovered a substance in cod liver oil which later was called "vitamin A". The EFSA reviewed safe levels of intake in 2012,[120] setting the tolerable upper limit for adults at 100 μg/day (4000 IU), a similar conclusion as the IOM. Hlavním přírodním zdrojem vitamínu je syntéza cholekalciferolu ve spodních vrstvách pokožky … [20] Also, in the United States and Canada, vitamin D-fortified milk, infant vitamin supplements, and vitamin supplements have helped to eradicate the majority of cases of rickets for children with fat malabsorption conditions. [58][59] A 2013 review did not find any effect from supplementation on the rates of non-skeletal disease, other than a tentative decrease in mortality in the elderly. Clothing, glass, sunscreens and sunblocks also shield the skin from getting enough ultraviolet light to make D3. [88] Low levels of vitamin D appear to be a risk factor for tuberculosis,[89] and historically it was used as a treatment. Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is generally considered a better form because it is the form your body produces when it is exposed to sunlight. Nutr. The Institute found serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) are "not consistently associated with increased benefit". [116] This includes people with limited skin synthesis of vitamin D, who are not often outdoors, are frail, housebound, living in a care home, or usually wearing clothes that cover up most of the skin, or with dark skin, such as having an African, African-Caribbean or south Asian background. 1,7vitdsynthesis.png 2,038 × 929; 34 KB. Some people may get all the vitamin D they need from their diet and the sun. Vitamin D3 CAS 67-97-0 WIKI information includes physical and chemical properties, USES, security data, NMR spectroscopy, computational chemical data and more. In der Leber wird das Vitamin D2 und Vitamin D3 in die Speicherform Calcidiol (25(OH)D3, 25-Hydroxy-Cholecalciferol) verwandelt. Möchte man z.B. Um die Vitamin-D-Versorgung des Körpers zu beurteilen, wird eine Vorstufe des Vitamins im Blut gemessen: Calcidiol oder auch Vitamin D3 (25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D3). [32] Cases continue to be reported in North American and other Western Countries and is primarily seen in breastfed infants and those with darker skin complexions. Mushrooms exposed to ultraviolet light contribute useful amounts of vitamin D.[1] Dietary recommendations typically assume that all of a person's vitamin D is taken by mouth, as sun exposure in the population is variable and recommendations about the amount of sun exposure that is safe are uncertain in view of the skin cancer risk. 5 Chemical Vendors. Vitamin D also affects the immune system, and VDRs are expressed in several white blood cells, including monocytes and activated T and B cells. One thousand micrograms per day in infants has produced toxicity within one month. An unambiguous deactivation process", "Age-old children's disease back in force", "Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Cartilage, Bones, and Teeth", "Chromosomal receptor for a vitamin D metabolite", "Vitamin D in Autoimmunity: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential", "Effects of Nutritional Supplements and Dietary Interventions on Cardiovascular Outcomes: An Umbrella Review and Evidence Map", "Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data", "Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis", "Association of Vitamin D Status with SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis", "Therapeutic and prognostic role of vitamin D for COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 observational studies", Evidence reviews for the use of vitamin D supplementation as prevention and treatment of COVID-19, "Vitamin D receptor stimulation to reduce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infections: Revised Ms SBMB 2020_166", "International clinical trials assessing vitamin D in people with COVID-19", "Vitamin D supplementation, COVID-19 & Disease Severity: A meta-analysis", NIH Vitamin D Fact Sheet for Health Professionals, Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_D&oldid=1016371031, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2010, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, * Adequate intake, no RDA/RDI yet established, reduced risk of falling in people over age 60, "Adequate calcium and vitamin D, as part of a well balanced diet, along with physical activity, may reduce the risk of osteoporosis. [57], Supplementation with vitamin D is a reliable method for preventing or treating rickets. [121], The dietary reference intake for vitamin D issued in 2010 by the Institute of Medicine (IoM) (renamed National Academy of Medicine in 2015), superseded previous recommendations which were expressed in terms of Adequate Intake. It was first discovered as the substance which could prevent and cure rickets. (made from 7‑dehydrocholesterol in the skin). [156], Calcitriol itself is auto-regulated in a negative feedback cycle, and is also affected by parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23, cytokines, calcium, and phosphate. [210] A number of trials in different countries are underway to address the potential for the use of vitamin D, and its metabolites such as calcifediol, for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. [207] The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) does not recommend to offer a vitamin D supplement to people solely to prevent or treat COVID‑19. [14][82] Supplementation may have no effect on blood pressure. [102] Although taking vitamin D supplements during pregnancy raises blood levels of vitamin D in the mother at term,[103] the full extent of benefits for the mother or baby is unclear. [2] Instead it can be considered a hormone, with activation of the vitamin D pro-hormone resulting in the active form, calcitriol, which then produces effects via a nuclear receptor in multiple locations. Cholecalciferol is vitamin D3. 7-Dehydrocholesterin wurde vom späteren Nobelpreisträger Adolf Windaus entdeckt. This category has only the following subcategory. [39][43], Vitamin D deficiency remains the main cause of rickets among young infants in most countries because breast milk is low in vitamin D and social customs and climatic conditions can prevent adequate sun exposure. Jump to navigation Jump to search. In general, vitamin D3 is found in animal source foods, particularly fish, meat, offal, egg and dairy. For U.S food and dietary supplement labeling purposes, the amount in a serving is expressed as a percent of Daily Value (%DV). In der Niere erfolgt weiterhin die Umwandlung zum Steroidhormon Calcitriol.Sowohl Calcidiol als auch Calcitriol wurden durch Michael F. Holick identifiziert. 7-Dehydrocholesterin ist ein Sterin, welches der Vorläufer von Cholesterin und Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D 3) ist.
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