The collapse of Pope Clement’s authority in Rome rendered Guicciardini’s position as his lieutenant general untenable, while his long association with the Medici made him suspect in republican Florence. On his return to Florence in 1514, he resumed his legal practice; in 1514 he was a member of the Otto di Balìa, who were in charge of internal security, and in 1515 of the Signoria, the highest magistracy. Influential in Florentine politics, Guicciardini's ancestors had held the highest posts of honor in the state for many generations, as may be seen in his own genealogical Ricordi autobiografici e di famiglia. Back in Florence, he acted as legal adviser to Duke Alessandro de’ Medici and began work on a history of Italy during his lieutenantship that, redrafted during the following years, became the nucleus of his far more ambitious Storia d’Italia (History of Italy), which covers Italian history in the period 1494 to 1534. A number of them deal with the government of Florence, on which he also wrote, between 1521 and 1525, the Dialogo del reggimento di Firenze (Dialogue on the government of Florence). At the Spanish court, he learned lessons of political realism. At 23, he was appointed by the Signoria of Florence to teach legal studies at the Florentine Studio. During his time in Spain, the Medici regained power in Florence. - Francesco di Piero di Iacopo Guicciardini e di Simona di Buongianni Gianfigliazzi nacque a Firenze il 6 marzo 1483. The latter constitutes one of the major sources for the history of the republican regime after 1494 and reveals Guicciardini’s gifts for historical analysis and narrative. None of Francesco Guicciardini's works were published during his lifetime. "Ma il Guicciardini più grande è quello che scuote da sé il 'particulare', la diplomazia, il senso del limite per affisarsi con sguardo incommosso sui grandi temi dell'esistenza, ormai "pervenuto a rendersi conto del complesso gioco delle vicende e delle passioni umane" (Fubini). However, Francesco's father convinced him of the court’s prestige and the honour of having been chosen at so young an age. A friend and critic of Niccolò Machiavelli, he is considered one of the major political writers of the Italian Renaissance. Written during the last years of his life, this work contains the historian's observations collected over his entire lifetime and was a work intended for posterity. As he later described himself during this period: "If you had seen messer Francesco in the Romagna...with his house full of tapestries, silver, servants thronged from the entire province where—since everything was completely referred to him—no one, from the Pope down, recognized anyone as his superior...".[11]. His father, however, "thought the affairs of the Church were decadent. In March 1530, as a result of his service to the Medici, Guicciardini was declared a rebel and had his property confiscated. A few days later, Bourbon’s army captured Rome, and this was followed by the expulsion of the Medici from Florence and the restoration of republican government in that city. …realist (or pessimist) than Machiavelli. Then, Guicciardini allied himself with Cosimo de' Medici, who was just 17 and new to the Florentine political system. LAntimachiavelli Guicciardini e Machiavelli In Machiavelli si avverte, pur sullo sfondo di una visione pessimistica, lentusiasmo di un pensiero che crede nel controllo razionale della realt In Guicciardini, di poco pi giovane e testimone del crollo definitivo della situazione italiana, prevale il senso dello scacco, dellimpossibilit di dominare gli eventi. Essa è vista da una prospettiva agnostica, ma i miracoli [18] Guiccardini defended him in Naples in 1535 before Charles V, contesting the exiled rebels' accusations of tyranny. Francesco Guicciardini è stato uno scrittore, storico e politico italiano. Under the new regime, his embassy in Spain dragged on, frustrating Guicciardini as he yearned to return to Florence and participate in its political life. Il favorimento dei propri interessi, ottenuti sopraffacendo i più deboli e alleandosi con i più forti. - Duration: 24:07. Between 1528 and 1530 Guicciardini worked on his second history of Florence and compiled the most concise and varied expression of his views on society and politics in his collection of maxims and observations, the Ricordi. However, in April 1527, Guicciardini succeeded in averting an attack on Florence from a rebellious imperial army, which turned toward Rome instead. Prime Winkel-wagen. The victory of the intransigent republican faction in Florence and the fall of the gonfalonier Niccolò Capponi, who had been trying to come to terms with the pope (April 1529), followed by the advance of the imperial army on the city, endangered Guicciardini’s position, and in September 1529 he left Florentine territory for the papal court. Finally, at the end of his analysis of Guicciardini, Bruni can link the politician and historian to the preachers of the Observance studied earlier: “Per un paradosso […] un laico che si è adoperato per Sidney Alexander, Introduction to Francesco Guicciardini, Felix Gilbert, Machiavelli and Guicciardini, p. 283, University Library in Bratislava Digital Library, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Guicciardini&oldid=996609842, 15th-century people of the Republic of Florence, 16th-century people of the Republic of Florence, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles with incomplete citations from February 2019, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, There is also a series of short essays, entitled, This page was last edited on 27 December 2020, at 17:05. In his masterpiece, The History of Italy, Guicciardini paved the way for a new style in historiography with his use of government sources to support arguments and the realistic analysis of the people and events of his time. His political thought is frequently akin to, and sometimes more radical than, that of his friend Niccolò Machiavelli, with whom he shared, despite his long service with the papacy, a criticism of the contemporary church. Francesco Guicciardini (Italian: [franˈtʃesko ɡwittʃarˈdiːni]; 6 March 1483 – 22 May 1540) was an Italian historian and statesman. In the critical situation after the Battle of Pavia, when the army of Charles V was preparing to advance south, Guicciardini conveyed to the pope much advice, and in January 1526 he was called to Rome. The two established their rapport because of mutual regard for each other's intellect. In his capacity as commissioner general, he prevented, by his courage and determination, Parma from falling into French hands in December 1521. Sydney Alexander, Introduction to Francesco Guicciardini. A friend and critic of Niccolò Machiavelli, he is considered one of the major political writers of the Italian Renaissance. Shortly after the Sack of Rome, Guicciardini returned to Florence, but by 1527, the Medici had been expelled from the city, and a republic had been re-established by the extreme anti-Medici Arrabiati faction. The failure of the league to prevent the imperial army under the duke of Bourbon from advancing on Florence and Rome involved him once more in the fate of his native city. As governor of an exposed and recently acquired part of the Papal States, in which he had to face internal disorders as well as external dangers, Guicciardini showed outstanding administrative gifts. Francesco Guicciardini was an Italian historian and statesman. ), Op. Nevertheless, the position I have enjoyed with several popes has forced me to love their greatness for my own self-interest. In 1531 Clement appointed him governor of Bologna, but he lost this post after the accession of Paul III in 1534. Courses Taught. Era il terzogenito di una famiglia numerosa (cinque maschi e sei femmine), e non molto fortunata economicamente, giacché il padre, Piero, di larga cultura e di vivi interessi letterarî e filosofici, non era uomo dai grandi guadagni. Thereafter he fully supported Clement’s bid for a Medicean restoration in Florence, while seeking to obtain favourable conditions for the Florentines. [12] Less than two weeks later came the news of the Sack of Rome and the imprisonment of Clement in the Castel Sant'Angelo. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. I. From 1498 to 1505 Guicciardini studied civil law at Florence, Ferrara, and Padua and subsequently set up legal practice at Florence. [20][full citation needed] Guicciardini resigned after Clement's death in 1534 and returned to Florence, where he was enlisted as advisor to Alessandro de Medici, “whose position as duke had become less secure following the death of the pope”. [dal lat ... el grado che ho avuto con più pontefici m’ha necessitato a amare per el particulare mio la grandezza loro (Guicciardini). Emeritus Professor of History, Westfield College, University of London. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Written by a statesman closely associated with many of the events he described, and by a historian who in his critical use of evidence followed and surpassed his humanist predecessors, the History of Italy is the most important contemporary history of Italy during the period of upheaval and invasion in the early 16th century. These high offices rendered Guicciardini the virtual master of the Papal States beyond the Apennine Mountains. A nessuno più che a me ripugnano l’ambizione, l’avarizia e il lusso del clero – afferma Guicciardini – e per questo, non certo per motivi religiosi, sarei divenuto seguace di … [22] Until 1857, only the History and a small number of extracts from his aphorisms were known. La Storia d'Italia di Francesco Guicciardini; opera scritta tra il 1537 e il 1540 - nel periodo finale della rinascita italiana - e da subito riconosciuta come un capolavoro storiografico di … Francesco Guicciardini all'ombra di Machiavelli - Duration: 6:46. Updates? Corrections? Francesco Guicciardini, scrittore nato il 06/03/1483 . Che cos'è l'obiettivo del "particulare" secondo Guicciardini? As Gilbert writes: "The History of Italy stands apart from all his writings because it was the one work which he wrote not for himself, but for the public."[24]. The death of an uncle, who had occupied the see of Cortona, induced the young Guicciardini to seek an ecclesiastical career. His nephew, Lodovico Guicciardini, was also a historian known for his 16th-century works on the Low Countries. 4. [6] Thus Guicciardini started his career as a diplomat and statesman. [17], This final Florentine Republic did not last long, however, and after enduring the Siege of Florence by imperial troops for nine months, in 1530 the city capitulated. La polemica contro la corruzione ecclesiastica si riallaccia a una lunga tradizione nella letteratura italiana, anche se in Guicciardini il tema si arricchisce della sua particolare attenzione alla Riforma luterana, che lui abbraccerebbe se non contrastasse col fatto che è stato ed è consigliere di papi (deve quindi accettare la situazione per amore del suo "particulare", dei suoi interessi). However, he also distrusted the calculated gestures of Ferdinand and referred to him as a model of the art of political deceit. His approach was already evident in his early work The History of Florence (1509): “The young historian was already doubtlessly aware of the meaning of historical perspective; the same facts acquiring different weight in different contexts, a sense of proportion was called for.”[27], In the words of one of Guicciardini's severest critics, Francesco de Sanctis: "If we consider intellectual power [the Storia d'Italia] is the most important work that has issued from an Italian mind."[28]. Bruno Munari (Milanu, 24 de santuaine 1907 – Milanu, 30 de cabidanni 1998) est istadu unu designer italianu.Est istadu unu de sos massimos protagonistas de s'arte, de i … Hallo, Inloggen. Eipä tähän ole muuta lisättävää kuin kolme pientä tosiasiaa, jotka ensimmäisen hienon tietosanakirjan kirjoittaja Pierre Bayle kirjaa huolellisesti artikkeliinsa (1600-luvun lopulla). Omissions? After the murder of Alessandro in 1537, he helped secure the succession for Cosimo, probably hoping to limit the ducal powers which he considered excessive. Francesco Guicciardini, (born March 6, 1483, Florence—died May 22, 1540, Santa Margherita a Montici, near Florence), Florentine statesman, diplomat, and historian, author of the most important contemporary history of Italy, Storia d’Italia. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). I Ricordi, pubblicati per la prima volta nel 1576, sono una raccolta di 403 pensieri, o consigli, scritti da Francesco Guicciardini e destinati ai membri della propria famiglia. This was the beginning of a long career for Guicciardini in papal administration, first under Leo X and then under his successor, Clement VII. After the city’s surrender, he returned as papal representative and took a leading part in the persecution of the republicans. [6] "He governed Modena and Reggio with conspicuous success" according to The Catholic Encyclopedia. "[13], Like many Florentine aristocrats of his day, Guicciardini believed in a mixed republican government based on the model of the Venetian constitution;[14] despite working so often and closely with the Medici, he viewed their rule as tyrannical. Author of The Government of Florence Under the Medici, 1434–1494, and others. Alison Brown, Introduction to Francesco Guicciardini. med. "No one could remember at Florence that such a young man had ever been chosen for such an embassy", he wrote in his diary. In 1541 reisde hij via Lyon naar Antwerpen, waar hij in augustus arriveerde. Francesco de Sanctis ha scritto un saggio "L’uomo del Guicciardini" in cui descrive il prototipo dell’italiano, in senso negativo, cioè debole moralmente, una malapianta abituata a curare esclusivamente sè stessa, legata solamente al suo “particulare” (che Guicciardini teorizza). Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. particulare ) agg. Il Guicciardini teorizza l'uomo della decadenza, uomo rinunciatario, uomo che si chiude nella propria dimensione privata. Author of. Guicciardini. In 1513 Cardinal Giovanni de’ Medici became Pope Leo X; in 1516 he appointed Guicciardini governor of Modena and in 1517 also of Reggio. by Nicolai Rubinstein, (New York, Harper & Row, 1965) p.144. Because of his close ties to the Medici, Guicciardini was held suspect in his native city. Account en lijsten Account Retourzendingen en bestellingen. His severe and sometimes ruthless measures were effective in restoring order but also caused him unpopularity. In March 1530 he was condemned as a rebel at Florence. Discendente di una delle più importanti famiglie fiorentine, ricevette una solida formazione umanistica. In 1523, after Adrian’s death, he had to defend both cities against their original ruler, the duke of Ferrara. In his letters back home, he expressed appreciation for being able to observe Spanish military methods and estimate their strength during the time of war. "Aware of their difference in class, Machiavelli nevertheless was not intimidated by Guicciardini's offices... or by his aristocratic connections. Si vede per esperienza che e padroni tengono poco conto de’ servidori, e per ogni sua commodità o appe-tito gli mettono da parte; però laudo io quelli servidori che, pigliando essemplo da’ padroni, tengono più conto degli in-teressi suoi che di loro: il che però consiglio che … Opere Inedite Di Francesco Guicciardini (1-2): Guicciardini, Francesco: Amazon.nl. Francesco Guicciardini, Maxim 28, in Alison Brown (trans. ... Socrate: le fonti, il conosci te stesso e la gara di bellezza. In 1531, Guicciardini was assigned the governorship of Bologna, the most important city in the northern Papal States by Clement VII. Vystudoval práva na univerzitách ve Florencii a Ferraře; poté se věnoval právní praxi.Později působil jako diplomat; ve Florencii zastával významné úřady a byl rovněž ve službách několika papežů. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. For he was impeded not only by his timidity of spirit, which was by no means small, and by a strong reluctance to spend, but also by a certain innate irresolution and perplexity, so that he remained almost always in suspension and ambiguous when he was faced with those deciding those thing which from afar he had many times foreseen, considered, and almost revealed. [21][full citation needed] He assisted in successfully negotiating the marriage of Alessandro to the emperor Charles V’s daughter Margaret of Parma in 1536, and for a short time Gucciardini was the most trusted advisor to Alessandro until the Duke's assassination in 1537. Scala per il paradiso Una signora che è sicura che Sia oro tutto quel che luccica E sta comprando una scala per il paradiso Quando vi arriverà sa Che se tutti i negozi sono chiusi Con una parola pu ottenere ci per cui è venuta Ooh, ooh e sta comprando una scala per il … In his masterpiece, The History of Italy, Guicciardini paved the way for a new style in historiography with his use of government sources to support arguments and the realistic analysis of the people and events of his time. Francesco Guicciardini (1483-1540) fu protagonista della politica italiana negli anni delle guerre tra Francia e Spagna per il dominio della penisola, e ne divenne anche il lucido interprete sul piano storiografico. "[26], Moreover, what sets Guicciardini apart from other historians of his time is his understanding of historical context. Nel 1512 i Medici tornano a Firenze e Guicciardini dà loro il suo pieno appoggio, ... favoriscono Guicciardini per le sue abilità politiche, ... per curare il proprio interesse, il particulare. 3 maggio 1469 6 marzo 1483 Rinascimento 22 maggio 1540 21 giugno 1527 Differenze fra Guicciardini e Machiavelli Concezione della storia Scetticismo VS Utopia Per Guicciardini was friends with Niccolò Machiavelli; the two maintained a lively correspondence until the latter's death in 1527. Guicciardini käytti suurenmoista älyään ja oppineisuuttaan analysoidakseen rappiota ja viheliäisyyttä, jota hän oli ollut itse ensimmäisten joukossa luomassa. Guicciardini Francesco, italský státník, diplomat a historik. If it weren't for this consideration, I would have loved Martin Luther as much as I love myself—not to be released from the laws taught by the Christian religion as it is normally interpreted and understood, but to see this band of ruffians reduced within their correct bounds. LA RELIGIONE GUICCIARDINI MACHIAVELLI Alunni: Cozzolino Luisa Di Monda Angela Miranda Morgana Vegliante Antonio Fenomeno politico-sociale, di cui sottolinea la valenza positiva di quella pagana rispetto al Cristianesimo. History of the exact sciences from Galilei to Newton. There he played a prominent role in the papal counsels, advocating an alliance with France against Charles V. The resulting League of Cognac, concluded in May 1526, was to no small extent his work, and in June he was appointed papal lieutenant general with the army of the league. In this he advocates an aristocratic regime on the Venetian model as the ideal constitution for his city. He died in 1540 without male heirs.[9]. Guicciardini was on a somewhat higher social standing than his friend, but through their letters, a relaxed, comfortable relationship between the two emerges. La vita e le opere. These are some of his works recovered from the archives: Taken in combination with Machiavelli's treatises, the Opere inedite offer a comprehensive body of Italian political philosophy before Paolo Sarpi. [9], In 1513, Giovanni de' Medici, the son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, became Pope Leo X and brought Florence under papal control, which provided opportunities for Florentines to enter papal service, as did Francesco in 1515. In 1508, he married Maria Salviati, the daughter of Alamanno Salviati, cementing an oligarchical alliance with the powerful Florentine family. "[29] avv. La salvaguardia dei propri interessi a scapito del proprio ambiente. [8] Guicciardini eventually returned home to Florence, where he took up his law practice again; in 1514, he served as a member of the Otto di Balìa, who controlled internal security, and in 1515, he served on the Signoria, the highest Florentine magistracy. History of mathematics . Raccolta di 100 frasi di Francesco Guicciardini selezionate da noi. He had doubts about accepting the position because it came with so little profit and would disrupt his law practice and take him away from the city. The political turmoil in Italy was continuously intensifying. His many personal encounters with powerful Italian rulers serves to explain his perspective as a historian: “Francesco Guicciardini might be called a psychological historian—for him the motive power of the huge clockwork of events may be traced down the mainspring of individual behavior. Luigi Gaudio 3,549 views. Boeken. Moltissimi esempi di frasi con "Guicciardini" – Dizionario italiano-inglese e motore di ricerca per milioni di traduzioni in italiano. I Guicciardini e le scienze occulte: Loroscopo di Francesco Guicciardini, lettere di alchimia, astrologia e cabala a Luigi Guicciardini (Studi e testi / Istituto nazionale di studi sul Rinascimento) [francesco-guicciardini-lodovico-guicciardini-raffaella-castagnola] on Amazon.com. Guicciardini did not agree with Machiavelli's basic assumption that Rome could serve as a perfect norm. Guicciardini, Lodovico. In the same year, he wrote the Memorie di famiglia, a family memoir of the Guicciardini family, the Storie Fiorentine (Tales of Florence), and began his Ricordi, a rudimentary personal chronicle of his life.[5]. Il particulare, cioè la cura della propria posizione sociale e della dignità personale, sono il punto d’arrivo della discrezione e dell’ e sperienza. For the 19th-century Italian cabinet member, see, Guicciardini and Machiavelli on politics and history. "[4] Thus, the ambitious Guicciardini once again turned his attention to law. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Indeed, without such supports, republics can hardly last."[16]. Guicciardini, Francesco - Il pensiero Appunto di Italiano sul pensiero di Francesco Guicciardini, con spiegazione del concetto di fortuna, del concetto dell' uomo e di discrezione. Seconda lezione su Francesco Guicciardini (1483 - 1540): lettura e commento di alcuni brani tratti dai Ricordi. "[30], Both were innovative in their approach to history: "Machiavelli and Guicciardini are important transitional figures in the development of historical writing. in particolare, in ... Francesco di Piero di Iacopo Guicciardini e di Simona di Buongianni Gianfigliazzi nacque a Firenze il 6 marzo 1483. Guicciardini retired to his villa in Arcetri, where he spent his last years working on the Storia d'Italia. Like his father, Francesco received a fine humanist education and studied the classics, learning both Latin and a little Greek. Francesco Guicciardini, (born March 6, 1483, Florence—died May 22, 1540, Santa Margherita a Montici, near Florence), Florentine statesman, diplomat, and historian, author of the most important contemporary history of Italy, Storia d’Italia. Guicciardini insisted on being recalled and even sent a letter to the youthful Lorenzo de’ Medici in an attempt to secure a position in the new ruling group.
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